ultra soul

how much; how long; to what extent

I know how much effort she put in.

An adverbial phrase used to ask about or emphasize degree or amount.

がんばる

to do one's best; to persist

I am studying hard every day for the exam.

A very common Japanese expression used to encourage oneself or others. It implies perseverance and effort.

good, nice, fine

Tomorrow the weather will be nice, so it will be sunny.

Colloquial form of よい (yoi). Cannot be conjugated normally - uses よく for adverbial form, よかった for past tense, etc. One of the most common adjectives in everyday Japanese.

だれか

someone; somebody

Someone, please help!

Used to refer to an unspecified person.

possessive particle indicating belonging, attribution, or relationship

Mother's cooking is the most delicious.

Connects two nouns to show possession or attribution. The modifying noun comes before の, and the modified noun comes after. Can also connect clauses when nominalizing.

for, sake, purpose, benefit

I am working for my children.

Used with の before it to show who/what benefits, and に after to show purpose. Can mean 'for the sake of', 'for the purpose of', or 'for the benefit of'. Also used in ～ための (attributive) to modify nouns.

copula particle for na-adjectives; negative imperative particle

Study in a quiet place.

な connects na-adjectives to nouns they modify. It's the attributive form of だ/です. Also used as negative imperative particle meaning 'don't' after dictionary form verbs.

わかる

to understand; to be clear; to be known

I understand well what he wants to say.

A very common verb used for understanding concepts, facts, or people's feelings. Can be written as 分かる, 解る, or 判る depending on nuance.