Japanese

により

により
Meaning: due to; by means of; because of
Part of Speech: Particle

Listen to pronunciation

Example sentences

交通渋滞により、到着が遅れた。
Due to traffic congestion, the arrival was delayed.
証拠の発見により、調査は新たな局面を迎えた。
The investigation entered a new phase with the discovery of the evidence.
急な予定の変更により、旅行をキャンセルした。
The trip was cancelled due to a sudden change in plans.
火山の噴火により、街中が灰で覆われた。
The entire city was covered in ash due to the volcanic eruption.
景気の悪化により、予算が大幅に削減された。
Due to the economic downturn, the budget was significantly cut.

Usage Notes

A formal expression used to indicate a cause, reason, method, or basis. It is a more literary version of 'によって'.

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