Hanzi
Traditional
艱
Simplified
艰

difficult/hard/hardship

Hanzi

Grade

Grade 5

Pinyin

jiān

Bopomofo

ㄐㄧㄢ

Jyutping

gaan1

Example sentences

艱巨 / 艰巨 jiānjù
這項工程非常艱巨，需要耗費大量的時間與人力。
这项工程非常艰巨，需要耗费大量的时间与人力。

This project is very arduous and requires a lot of time and manpower.

項 / 项 xiàng
這是一項艱巨的任務。
这是一项艰巨的任务。

This is a difficult task.

艱辛 / 艰辛 jiānxīn
創業的過程雖然艱辛，但他從未想過放棄。
创业的过程虽然艰辛，但他从未想过放弃。

Although the process of starting a business is arduous, he never thought of giving up.

歷程 / 历程 lìchéng
這部紀錄片回顧了國家發展的艱辛歷程。
这部纪录片回顾了国家发展的艰辛历程。

This documentary reviews the arduous course of the country's development.

艱難 / 艰难 jiānnán
不論前方的道路多麼艱難，我們都必須堅持下去。
不论前方的道路多么艰难，我们都必须坚持下去。

Regardless of how difficult the road ahead is, we must persevere.

尚 shàng
雖然情況艱難，但尚有一線希望。
虽然情况艰难，但尚有一线希望。

Although the situation is difficult, there is still a ray of hope.

艱苦 / 艰苦 jiānkǔ
創業的過程非常艱苦，需要耐心。
创业的过程非常艰苦，需要耐心。

The process of starting a business is very difficult and requires patience.

艱險 / 艰险 jiānxiǎn
儘管前方的路途充滿艱險，他依然決定繼續前行。
尽管前方的路途充满艰险，他依然决定继续前行。

Although the journey ahead is full of hardships and perils, he still decided to continue forward.

Example Vocabulary

艱巨

jian1'ju4

formidable; arduous; difficult and heavy

艱辛

jian1'xin1

hardship; arduous; difficult

艱難

jian1'nan2

difficult; hard; arduous

艱苦

jian1'ku3

difficult; hard; tough

步履維艱

bu4'lv3'wei2'jian1

艱巨性

艱深

jian1'shen1

艱險

jian1'xian3

difficult and dangerous; hardships and perils

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