Japanese

など

など
Meaning: and so on, et cetera, and the like; things like
Part of Speech: Particle

Listen to pronunciation

Handwriting

な
ど

Example sentences

I read books, magazines, and so on.
彼は歩くことさえできない。まして走ることなど不可能だ。
He can't even walk, much less run.
日本の伝説には、河童や天狗などの妖怪がたくさん登場する。
In Japanese legends, many yokai such as Kappa and Tengu appear.
ハムスターなどの小動物はペットとして人気がある。
Small animals like hamsters are popular as pets.
この農場では、牛や豚などの家畜が大切に育てられている。
On this farm, livestock such as cows and pigs are carefully raised.
血液や汗などの体液は、生命を維持するために不可欠です。
Body fluids like blood and sweat are essential for maintaining life.
名古屋はひつまぶしなどの美味しい食べ物で有名だ。
Nagoya is famous for delicious food such as hitsumabushi.
アメリカ東部にはニューヨークやワシントンなどの大都市がある。
In the Eastern United States, there are large cities such as New York and Washington.
この国では、米や麦などの穀物が栽培されている
In this country, grains like rice and wheat are cultivated.
この工場では、原油を精製してガソリンなどを作っています。
This factory refines crude oil to make products like gasoline.

Usage Notes

など indicates that the items mentioned are examples and there are other similar things not listed. Often follows a list connected with や or と. Can also express humility or downplay something when referring to oneself (私など 'someone like me'). なんか is a more casual variant.

Sottaku

About Sottaku

Sottaku is an app for learning Chinese, Japanese, Korean, English, Spanish, French, German, and Italian with a strong focus on SRS. It includes automatic flashcard creation for hundreds of thousands of words, grammar breakdowns in example sentences, language-specific study packs where available, adaptive quizzes, mobile apps, a browser extension, and community features. Give it a try now! All learning content is free with no limits on flashcards or study time.

Sottaku is built to match the habits of successful learners. By using Sottaku, you will naturally learn in the most efficient way possible, as proven by countless success stories in the language learning community.

Free Forever

Access all grammar guides, quizzes, and flashcards without paying a cent. Quality education should be accessible to everyone.

Smart SRS System

Our flashcard system uses the FSRS algorithm (also used in Anki) to optimize your review schedule and maximize retention.

Comprehensive Content

From hanzi, kana, hangul, and European vocabulary basics to grammar and reading practice where available, we have lessons for every level. Practice with quizzes tailored to your skill.

Community Chat

Ask level-appropriate questions and get help from the community. Learn together with fellow learners across all 8 supported languages.