Karma

ˈkɑɹmə

karma; the idea that actions bring moral consequences

Good karma starts with honest actions.

In Hindu and Buddhist contexts it concerns the moral force of actions across lives. In everyday English it often means consequences that seem deserved.

なんども

many times; frequently; repeatedly

He asked the same question many times.

A common adverb used to emphasize that an action or event has occurred multiple times.

おなじ

same, identical, equal

We have the same idea.

Indicates things are identical or have no difference. Used for both concrete (same object) and abstract (same opinion) concepts. Different from 等しい which emphasizes equality in value or quantity. Can be used adverbially as 同じように.

thing, matter, fact, circumstance

Studying every day is necessary.

Used to nominalize verbs and adjectives. Also used to express abstract concepts, as opposed to もの which refers to physical objects. Often used in set phrases and formal writing.

possessive particle indicating belonging, attribution, or relationship

Mother's cooking is the most delicious.

Connects two nouns to show possession or attribution. The modifying noun comes before の, and the modified noun comes after. Can also connect clauses when nominalizing.

くりかえし

repetition; repeatedly

Practicing the basics repeatedly is the shortcut to improvement.

Used both as a noun meaning 'repetition' and as an adverb meaning 'repeatedly'.

なか

inside; middle; center; among

Walking through the forest.

中 (なか) indicates the inside or middle of something, both physically and abstractly. Can mean 'among' when referring to groups, 'during' for time periods, or the middle position in rankings. Also read as ちゅう in compounds.

direct object marker particle

I solved a difficult problem.

Marks the direct object of a verb - what the action is done to. Written を but pronounced 'o'. Essential for transitive verbs. Also marks the space through which movement occurs.