Japanese

える

ひかえる
Meaning: to refrain from; to hold back; to wait; to note down
Part of Speech: Verb

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Verb inflections

Form Affirmative Negative
Present 控える 控えない
Polite 控えます 控えません
Past 控えた 控えなかった
Polite + Past 控えました 控えませんでした
Te-form 控えて 控えなくて
Potential 控えられる 控えられない
Passive 控えられる 控えられない
Causative 控えさせる 控えさせない
Imperative 控えろ 控えるな

Handwriting

控
え
る

Example sentences

I am refraining from salt for my health.
誤解を招くような発言は控えるべきだ。
One should refrain from remarks that invite misunderstanding.
不要な外出は控えてください。
Please refrain from unnecessary outings.
相手の気持ちをくんで、発言を控えた。
I took the other person's feelings into consideration and refrained from speaking.
長時間の通話は控えてください。
Please refrain from long phone calls.
不必要な外出は控えましょう。
Let's avoid unnecessary outings.
仕事中は私用の電話を控えるようにしている。
I try to refrain from personal calls while at work.
彼は健康のためにアルコールを控えている。
He is cutting back on alcohol for his health.
その車のナンバーを控えておいてください。
Please write down the license plate number of that car.
侍従は天皇陛下のお側に常に控えている。
The chamberlains are always in attendance by the Emperor's side.

Usage Notes

A broad verb with several meanings: to limit consumption (food/drink), to hold back from an action, to wait in a nearby room, to write something down, or to have something approaching in the near future.

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